fix: update the logic for remove model in provider

src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/models/page.js

@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ export default function ModelsPage() {
           </div>
           <p className="mt-1 text-sm text-text-muted">
             {canManage
-              ? "Manage models explicitly added from connected providers."
+              ? "Manage models available from connected providers."
-              : "Browse added models currently available through connected providers."}
+              : "Browse models currently available through connected providers."}
           </p>
         </div>
         <label className="relative block w-full sm:w-80">
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ export default function ModelsPage() {
             <p className="mt-1 text-lg font-semibold tabular-nums text-text-main">{providerCount}</p>
           </div>
           <div className="bg-surface px-4 py-3">
-            <p className="text-xs font-medium text-text-muted">Added models</p>
+            <p className="text-xs font-medium text-text-muted">Available models</p>
             <p className="mt-1 text-lg font-semibold tabular-nums text-text-main">{models.length}</p>
           </div>
         </section>
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ export default function ModelsPage() {
           <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-[32px] text-text-muted">search_off</span>
           <p className="mt-2 text-sm text-text-muted">
             {models.length === 0
-              ? "No models have been added. Open a connected provider and add a model first."
+              ? "No models are available. Add an active provider connection or register a custom model first."
               : "No models match your search."}
           </p>
         </Card>

src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/providers/[id]/CompatibleModelsSection.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { useState } from "react";
 import PropTypes from "prop-types";
 import { Button } from "@/shared/components";
 import { getProviderCustomModelRows } from "@/shared/utils/providerCustomModels";
-function CompatibleModelRow({ modelId, fullModel, copied, onCopy, onDeleteAlias, onTest, testStatus, isTesting }) {
+function CompatibleModelRow({ modelId, fullModel, copied, onCopy, onDeleteModel, onTest, testStatus, isTesting }) {
   const borderColor = testStatus === "ok"
     ? "border-green-500/40"
     : testStatus === "error"
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ function CompatibleModelRow({ modelId, fullModel, copied, onCopy, onDeleteAlias,
         </div>
       </div>
       <button
-        onClick={onDeleteAlias}
+        onClick={onDeleteModel}
         className="p-1 hover:bg-red-50 rounded text-red-500"
-        title="Remove model"
+        title="Permanently remove model from catalogs and saved configurations"
       >
         <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-sm">delete</span>
       </button>
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ function CompatibleModelRow({ modelId, fullModel, copied, onCopy, onDeleteAlias,
   );
 }
 
-export default function CompatibleModelsSection({ providerStorageAlias, providerDisplayAlias, modelAliases, customModels, copied, onCopy, onDeleteAlias, onAddCustomModel, onDeleteCustomModel, connections, isAnthropic }) {
+export default function CompatibleModelsSection({ providerStorageAlias, providerDisplayAlias, modelAliases, customModels, copied, onCopy, onDeleteModel, onAddCustomModel, connections, isAnthropic }) {
   const [newModel, setNewModel] = useState("");
   const [adding, setAdding] = useState(false);
   const [importing, setImporting] = useState(false);
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ export default function CompatibleModelsSection({ providerStorageAlias, provider
               fullModel={`${providerDisplayAlias}/${id}`}
               copied={copied}
               onCopy={onCopy}
-              onDeleteAlias={() => source === "custom" ? onDeleteCustomModel(id) : onDeleteAlias(alias)}
+              onDeleteModel={() => onDeleteModel(id)}
               onTest={connections.length > 0 ? () => handleTestModel(id) : undefined}
               testStatus={modelTestResults[id]}
               isTesting={testingModelId === id}
@@ -221,9 +221,8 @@ CompatibleModelsSection.propTypes = {
   customModels: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.object),
   copied: PropTypes.string,
   onCopy: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
-  onDeleteAlias: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
+  onDeleteModel: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
   onAddCustomModel: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
-  onDeleteCustomModel: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
   connections: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.shape({
     id: PropTypes.string,
     isActive: PropTypes.bool,

src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/providers/[id]/ModelRow.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import PropTypes from "prop-types";
 import { CapacityBadges } from "@/shared/components";
 
-export default function ModelRow({ model, fullModel, alias, copied, onCopy, testStatus, isCustom, isAdded, isFree, onDeleteAlias, onAdd, onRemove, onTest, isTesting, onDisable, caps, thinkingSuffix }) {
+export default function ModelRow({ model, fullModel, alias, copied, onCopy, testStatus, isCustom, isFree, onDeleteAlias, onRemove, onTest, isTesting, onDisable, caps, thinkingSuffix }) {
   const displayModel = thinkingSuffix ? `${fullModel}(${thinkingSuffix})` : fullModel;
   const borderColor = testStatus === "ok"
     ? "border-green-500/40"
@@ -14,9 +14,13 @@ export default function ModelRow({ model, fullModel, alias, copied, onCopy, test
     : testStatus === "error"
     ? "#ef4444"
     : undefined;
+  const deleteModel = onRemove || (isCustom ? onDeleteAlias : onDisable);
+  const deletesPermanently = !!deleteModel;
+
+  const actionButtonClass = "inline-flex size-7 items-center justify-center rounded-md text-text-muted transition-[background-color,color,transform,box-shadow] duration-150 hover:bg-background hover:text-text-main focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-primary/60 active:scale-95 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50";
 
   return (
-    <div className={`group min-w-0 max-w-full rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 ${borderColor} hover:bg-sidebar/50`}>
+    <div className={`group min-w-0 max-w-full rounded-lg border px-3 py-2 transition-colors ${borderColor} hover:bg-sidebar/50 focus-within:border-primary/50`}>
       <div className="flex min-w-0 items-start gap-2 sm:items-center">
         <span
           className="material-symbols-outlined shrink-0 text-base"
@@ -25,67 +29,51 @@ export default function ModelRow({ model, fullModel, alias, copied, onCopy, test
           {testStatus === "ok" ? "check_circle" : testStatus === "error" ? "cancel" : "smart_toy"}
         </span>
         <div className="flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col gap-1">
-          <code className="max-w-[72vw] truncate rounded bg-sidebar px-1.5 py-0.5 font-mono text-xs text-text-muted sm:max-w-[360px]">{displayModel}</code>
+          <code className="max-w-[72vw] truncate rounded bg-sidebar px-1.5 py-0.5 font-mono text-xs text-text-muted sm:max-w-90">{displayModel}</code>
           <span className="flex min-w-0 items-center text-[9px] gap-1 pl-1">
             {model.name && <span className="truncate text-[9px] italic text-text-muted/70">{model.name}</span>}
             <CapacityBadges caps={caps} colorOverride="text-text-muted/70" size={12} />
           </span>
         </div>
-        {onTest && (
+        <div className="ml-auto flex shrink-0 items-center gap-0.5 rounded-lg border border-border/80 bg-sidebar/60 p-1 shadow-[0_1px_0_rgb(255_255_255/0.03)]">
-          <div className="relative shrink-0 group/btn">
+          {onTest && (
             <button
+              type="button"
               onClick={onTest}
               disabled={isTesting}
-              className={`rounded p-0.5 text-text-muted transition-opacity hover:bg-sidebar hover:text-primary ${isTesting ? "opacity-100" : "opacity-100 sm:opacity-0 sm:group-hover:opacity-100"}`}
+              className={actionButtonClass}
+              title={isTesting ? "Testing model" : "Test model"}
+              aria-label={isTesting ? `Testing ${fullModel}` : `Test ${fullModel}`}
             >
-              <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-sm" style={isTesting ? { animation: "spin 1s linear infinite" } : undefined}>
+              <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-[17px]" style={isTesting ? { animation: "spin 1s linear infinite" } : undefined}>
                 {isTesting ? "progress_activity" : "science"}
               </span>
             </button>
-            <span className="pointer-events-none absolute mt-1 top-5 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 text-[10px] text-text-muted whitespace-nowrap opacity-0 group-hover/btn:opacity-100 transition-opacity">
+          )}
-              {isTesting ? "Testing..." : "Test"}
-            </span>
-          </div>
-        )}
-        <div className="relative shrink-0 group/btn">
           <button
+            type="button"
             onClick={() => onCopy(displayModel, `model-${model.id}`)}
-            className="rounded p-0.5 text-text-muted hover:bg-sidebar hover:text-primary"
+            className={actionButtonClass}
+            title={copied === `model-${model.id}` ? "Copied" : "Copy model ID"}
+            aria-label={copied === `model-${model.id}` ? `${fullModel} copied` : `Copy ${fullModel}`}
           >
-            <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-sm">
+            <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-[17px]">
               {copied === `model-${model.id}` ? "check" : "content_copy"}
             </span>
           </button>
-          <span className="pointer-events-none absolute mt-1 top-5 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 text-[10px] text-text-muted whitespace-nowrap opacity-0 group-hover/btn:opacity-100 transition-opacity">
+          {deleteModel && <span className="mx-0.5 h-4 w-px bg-border" aria-hidden="true" />}
-            {copied === `model-${model.id}` ? "Copied!" : "Copy"}
+          {deleteModel && (
-          </span>
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              onClick={deleteModel}
+              className="inline-flex size-7 items-center justify-center rounded-md text-text-muted transition-[background-color,color,transform,box-shadow] duration-150 hover:bg-red-500/12 hover:text-red-400 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-red-500/60 active:scale-95"
+              title={deletesPermanently ? "Permanently remove model from catalogs and saved configurations" : "Hide model from the dashboard catalog"}
+              aria-label={deletesPermanently ? `Permanently delete ${fullModel}` : `Hide ${fullModel}`}
+            >
+              <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-[17px]">delete</span>
+            </button>
+          )}
         </div>
-        {onAdd && !isAdded ? (
-          <button
-            onClick={onAdd}
-            className="ml-auto inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[10px] font-medium text-primary transition-colors hover:bg-primary/10"
-            title="Add model to the dashboard catalog"
-          >
-            <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-sm">add</span>
-            Add
-          </button>
-        ) : onRemove || isCustom ? (
-          <button
-            onClick={onRemove || onDeleteAlias}
-            className="ml-auto rounded p-0.5 text-text-muted opacity-100 transition-opacity hover:bg-red-500/10 hover:text-red-500 sm:opacity-0 sm:group-hover:opacity-100"
-            title="Remove model from the dashboard catalog"
-          >
-            <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-sm">close</span>
-          </button>
-        ) : onDisable ? (
-          <button
-            onClick={onDisable}
-            className="ml-auto rounded p-0.5 text-text-muted opacity-100 transition-opacity hover:bg-red-500/10 hover:text-red-500 sm:opacity-0 sm:group-hover:opacity-100"
-            title="Disable this model"
-          >
-            <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-sm">close</span>
-          </button>
-        ) : null}
       </div>
     </div>
   );
@@ -101,10 +89,8 @@ ModelRow.propTypes = {
   onCopy: PropTypes.func.isRequired,
   testStatus: PropTypes.oneOf(["ok", "error"]),
   isCustom: PropTypes.bool,
-  isAdded: PropTypes.bool,
   isFree: PropTypes.bool,
   onDeleteAlias: PropTypes.func,
-  onAdd: PropTypes.func,
   onRemove: PropTypes.func,
   onTest: PropTypes.func,
   isTesting: PropTypes.bool,

src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/providers/[id]/page.js

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
   const [suggestedModels, setSuggestedModels] = useState([]);
   const [kiloFreeModels, setKiloFreeModels] = useState([]);
   const [disabledModelIds, setDisabledModelIds] = useState([]);
+  const [deletedModelIds, setDeletedModelIds] = useState([]);
   const [confirmState, setConfirmState] = useState(null);
   const [showAgRiskModal, setShowAgRiskModal] = useState(false);
   const [oneByOneRunning, setOneByOneRunning] = useState(false);
@@ -186,34 +187,47 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
 
   const fetchDisabledModels = useCallback(async () => {
     try {
-      const res = await fetch(`/api/models/disabled?providerAlias=${encodeURIComponent(providerStorageAlias)}`, { cache: "no-store" });
+      const [disabledRes, deletedRes] = await Promise.all([
-      const data = await res.json();
+        fetch(`/api/models/disabled?providerAlias=${encodeURIComponent(providerStorageAlias)}`, { cache: "no-store" }),
-      if (res.ok) setDisabledModelIds(data.ids || []);
+        fetch(`/api/models/delete?providerAlias=${encodeURIComponent(providerStorageAlias)}`, { cache: "no-store" }),
+      ]);
+      const [disabledData, deletedData] = await Promise.all([disabledRes.json(), deletedRes.json()]);
+      if (disabledRes.ok) setDisabledModelIds(disabledData.ids || []);
+      if (deletedRes.ok) setDeletedModelIds(deletedData.ids || []);
     } catch (error) {
       console.log("Error fetching disabled models:", error);
     }
   }, [providerStorageAlias]);
 
-  const handleDisableModel = async (modelId) => {
+  const handlePermanentlyDeleteModel = (modelId, providerAliasOverride = providerStorageAlias) => {
-    try {
+    const displayAlias = providerAliasOverride === providerStorageAlias
-      const res = await fetch("/api/models/disabled", {
+      ? providerDisplayAlias
-        method: "POST",
+      : providerAliasOverride;
-        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+    setConfirmState({
-        body: JSON.stringify({ providerAlias: providerStorageAlias, ids: [modelId] }),
+      title: "Permanently Delete Model",
-      });
+      message: `Permanently delete ${displayAlias}/${modelId}? This removes it from model catalogs, combo memberships, saved tool configurations, and request details. Historical usage remains available. This cannot be undone.`,
-      if (res.ok) await fetchDisabledModels();
+      onConfirm: async () => {
-    } catch (error) {
+        setConfirmState(null);
-      console.log("Error disabling model:", error);
+        try {
-    }
+          const res = await fetch("/api/models/delete", {
-  };
+            method: "POST",
+            headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+            body: JSON.stringify({ providerAlias: providerAliasOverride, modelId }),
+          });
+          const data = await res.json();
+          if (!res.ok) {
+            alert(data.error || "Failed to permanently delete model");
+            return;
+          }
 
-  const handleEnableModel = async (modelId) => {
+          await Promise.all([fetchAliases(), fetchCustomModels(), fetchDisabledModels()]);
-    try {
+          if (typeof window !== "undefined") window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("customModelChanged"));
-      const res = await fetch(`/api/models/disabled?providerAlias=${encodeURIComponent(providerStorageAlias)}&id=${encodeURIComponent(modelId)}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+        } catch (error) {
-      if (res.ok) await fetchDisabledModels();
+          console.log("Error permanently deleting model:", error);
-    } catch (error) {
+          alert("Failed to permanently delete model");
-      console.log("Error enabling model:", error);
+        }
-    }
+      },
+    });
   };
 
   const handleDisableAll = async (ids) => {
@@ -1042,10 +1056,8 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
           customModels={customModels}
           copied={copied}
           onCopy={copy}
-          onSetAlias={handleSetAlias}
-          onDeleteAlias={handleDeleteAlias}
           onAddCustomModel={(modelId) => handleAddCustomModel(modelId, "llm", providerStorageAlias)}
-          onDeleteCustomModel={(modelId) => handleDeleteCustomModel(modelId, "llm", providerStorageAlias)}
+          onDeleteModel={(modelId) => handlePermanentlyDeleteModel(modelId, providerStorageAlias)}
           connections={connections}
           isAnthropic={isAnthropicCompatible}
         />
@@ -1067,8 +1079,9 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
         ))
         .map((entry) => entry.id),
     );
-    const displayModels = allModels.filter((m) => !disabledSet.has(m.id));
+    const deletedSet = new Set(deletedModelIds);
-    const disabledDisplayModels = allModels.filter((m) => disabledSet.has(m.id));
+    const displayModels = allModels.filter((model) => !disabledSet.has(model.id) && !deletedSet.has(model.id));
+    const disabledDisplayModels = allModels.filter((model) => disabledSet.has(model.id) && !deletedSet.has(model.id));
     const customModelRows = getProviderCustomModelRows({
       customModels,
       modelAliases,
@@ -1090,18 +1103,11 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
             copied={copied}
             onCopy={copy}
             onSetAlias={() => {}}
-            onDeleteAlias={() => {
+            onDeleteAlias={() => handlePermanentlyDeleteModel(model.id, providerStorageAlias)}
-              if (model.source === "custom") {
-                handleDeleteCustomModel(model.id, "llm", providerStorageAlias);
-              } else {
-                handleDeleteAlias(model.alias);
-              }
-            }}
             testStatus={modelTestResults[model.id]}
             onTest={connections.length > 0 || isFreeNoAuth ? () => handleTestModel(model.id) : undefined}
             isTesting={testingModelIds.has(model.id)}
             isCustom
-            isAdded
             isFree={false}
             caps={getCaps(`${providerId}/${model.id}`)}
             thinkingSuffix={resolveThinkingSuffix(model.id)}
@@ -1129,10 +1135,10 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
               isTesting={testingModelIds.has(model.id)}
               isFree={model.isFree}
               isAdded={addedModelIds.has(model.id)}
-              onAdd={() => handleAddCustomModel(model.id, "llm", providerStorageAlias)}
               onRemove={addedModelIds.has(model.id)
-                ? () => handleDeleteCustomModel(model.id, "llm", providerStorageAlias)
+                ? () => handlePermanentlyDeleteModel(model.id, providerStorageAlias)
                 : undefined}
+              onDisable={() => handlePermanentlyDeleteModel(model.id, providerStorageAlias)}
               caps={getCaps(`${providerId}/${model.id}`)}
               thinkingSuffix={resolveThinkingSuffix(model.id)}
             />
@@ -1195,25 +1201,33 @@ export default function ProviderDetailPage() {
           );
         })()}
 
-        {/* Disabled models — restorable */}
+        {/* Disabled models stay restorable; permanently deleted models do not. */}
         {disabledDisplayModels.length > 0 && (
           <div className="w-full mt-2">
             <p className="text-xs text-text-muted mb-2">Disabled models ({disabledDisplayModels.length}):</p>
             <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
-              {disabledDisplayModels.map((m) => (
+              {disabledDisplayModels.map((model) => (
                 <button
-                  key={m.id}
+                  key={model.id}
-                  onClick={() => handleEnableModel(m.id)}
+                  onClick={async () => {
+                    try {
+                      const res = await fetch(`/api/models/disabled?providerAlias=${encodeURIComponent(providerStorageAlias)}&id=${encodeURIComponent(model.id)}`, { method: "DELETE" });
+                      if (res.ok) await fetchDisabledModels();
+                    } catch (error) {
+                      console.log("Error enabling model:", error);
+                    }
+                  }}
                   className="flex items-center gap-1 px-2.5 py-1.5 rounded-lg border border-dashed border-black/10 dark:border-white/10 text-xs text-text-muted hover:text-primary hover:border-primary/40 hover:bg-primary/5 transition-colors"
                   title="Restore model"
                 >
                   <span className="material-symbols-outlined text-[13px]">add</span>
-                  {m.id}
+                  {model.id}
                 </button>
               ))}
             </div>
           </div>
         )}
+
       </div>
     );
   };

src/app/(dashboard)/dashboard/usage/components/SystemQuotaOverview.js

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ function getQuotaTone(percentage) {
   return { bar: "bg-red-500", dot: "bg-red-500", text: "text-red-500" };
 }
 
+const INACTIVE_SESSION_COUNTDOWN = "4h59m";
+
 function TokenQuotaResetStatus({ quota }) {
   const [now, setNow] = useState(() => new Date());
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ function TokenQuotaResetStatus({ quota }) {
   const countdown = formatResetTime(quota.resetAt, now);
   const isSession = quota.windowType === USER_TOKEN_LIMIT_WINDOWS.SESSION;
   const text = countdown === "-"
-    ? (isSession ? "No tokens pending expiry" : "Reset time unavailable")
+    ? (isSession ? INACTIVE_SESSION_COUNTDOWN : "Reset time unavailable")
     : (isSession ? `Next tokens restore in ${countdown}` : `Resets in ${countdown}`);
 
   return (

src/app/api/models/alias/route.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { getModelAliases, setModelAlias, deleteModelAlias } from "@/models";
+import { isDeletedModelReference } from "@/lib/db";
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
 
@@ -24,6 +25,10 @@ export async function PUT(request) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: "Model and alias required" }, { status: 400 });
     }
 
+    if (await isDeletedModelReference(model)) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "This model was permanently deleted" }, { status: 409 });
+    }
+
     await setModelAlias(alias, model);
 
     return NextResponse.json({ success: true, model, alias });

src/app/api/models/connected/route.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/models";
 import { getUsers } from "@/lib/db";
 import { disableModels, enableModels, getDisabledModels } from "@/lib/disabledModelsDb";
+import { getDeletedModels } from "@/lib/db";
 import { requireAdminUser, requireUsageDashboardUser } from "@/lib/auth/currentUser";
 import {
   AI_PROVIDERS,
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   isAnthropicCompatibleProvider,
   isOpenAICompatibleProvider,
 } from "@/shared/constants/providers";
+import { getModelsByProviderId } from "open-sse/config/providerModels.js";
 import { getCapabilitiesForModel } from "open-sse/providers/capabilities.js";
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
@@ -71,6 +73,58 @@ function getCompatibleProviderLabel(providerId, node, connection) {
   };
 }
 
+function getModelDisabledState(disabledModels, storageAlias, providerEntry, modelId) {
+  const disabled = new Set([
+    ...(disabledModels[storageAlias] || []),
+    ...(disabledModels[providerEntry.providerId] || []),
+    ...(disabledModels[providerEntry.providerAlias] || []),
+  ]);
+  return disabled.has(modelId);
+}
+
+function isDeletedModelId(deletedModels, storageAlias, providerEntry, modelId) {
+  const deleted = new Set([
+    ...(deletedModels[storageAlias] || []),
+    ...(deletedModels[providerEntry.providerId] || []),
+    ...(deletedModels[providerEntry.providerAlias] || []),
+  ]);
+  return [...deleted].some((deletedModelId) => (
+    modelId === deletedModelId
+    || (modelId.startsWith(`${deletedModelId}(`) && modelId.endsWith(")"))
+  ));
+}
+
+function createConnectedModel({
+  disabledModels,
+  deletedModels,
+  fullModel,
+  isCustom,
+  modelAliases,
+  modelId,
+  name,
+  providerEntry,
+  storageAlias,
+}) {
+  if (isDeletedModelId(deletedModels, storageAlias, providerEntry, modelId)) return null;
+  const caps = getCapabilitiesForModel(providerEntry.providerId, modelId);
+
+  return {
+    provider: providerEntry.provider,
+    providerAlias: storageAlias,
+    model: modelId,
+    name: name || modelId,
+    fullModel,
+    alias: modelAliases.get(fullModel) || modelId,
+    disabled: getModelDisabledState(disabledModels, storageAlias, providerEntry, modelId),
+    isCustom,
+    caps: {
+      vision: caps.vision,
+      search: caps.search,
+      reasoning: caps.reasoning,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
 function getForbiddenResponse(error) {
   if (error.message === "Unauthorized") {
     return NextResponse.json({ error: "Unauthorized" }, { status: 401 });
@@ -81,23 +135,25 @@ function getForbiddenResponse(error) {
   return null;
 }
 
-// GET /api/models/connected - List administrator-added LLMs from providers with
+// GET /api/models/connected - List LLMs available through providers with a
-// a usable active connection. Provider registries and live /models responses are
+// usable active connection. Registry models are available immediately, while
-// discovery sources only; a customModels record is the explicit availability source.
+// customModels records extend the catalog and can provide administrator names.
 export async function GET() {
   try {
     const user = await requireUsageDashboardUser();
 
-    const [connections, customModels, disabledModels, modelAliases, providerNodes, users] = await Promise.all([
+    const [connections, customModels, disabledModels, deletedModels, modelAliases, providerNodes, users] = await Promise.all([
       getProviderConnections(),
       getCustomModels(),
       getDisabledModels(),
+      getDeletedModels(),
       getModelAliases(),
       getProviderNodes(),
       getUsers(),
     ]);
 
     const connectedProviderByAlias = new Map();
+    const connectedProviderById = new Map();
     for (const connection of connections) {
       if (!isViableConnection(connection)) continue;
 
@@ -108,13 +164,16 @@ export async function GET() {
         continue;
       }
 
+      const providerEntry = {
+        providerId: connection.provider,
+        providerAlias: getProviderAlias(connection.provider) || connection.provider,
+        provider: getProviderLabel(connection.provider),
+      };
+      connectedProviderById.set(connection.provider, providerEntry);
+
       for (const alias of getConnectionProviderAliases(connection)) {
         if (!connectedProviderByAlias.has(alias)) {
-          connectedProviderByAlias.set(alias, {
+          connectedProviderByAlias.set(alias, providerEntry);
-            providerId: connection.provider,
-            providerAlias: getProviderAlias(connection.provider) || connection.provider,
-            provider: getProviderLabel(connection.provider),
-          });
         }
       }
     }
@@ -156,45 +215,64 @@ export async function GET() {
 
     const aliasByFullModel = getAliasByFullModel(modelAliases);
     const seenFullModels = new Set();
-    const models = customModels
+    const models = [];
-      .filter((customModel) => customModel?.id && getModelType(customModel) === "llm")
+    const addModel = ({ isCustom, modelId, name, providerEntry, storageAlias }) => {
-      .map((customModel) => {
+      const fullModel = `${storageAlias}/${modelId}`;
-        const providerEntry = connectedProviderByAlias.get(customModel.providerAlias)
+      if (seenFullModels.has(fullModel)) return;
-          || compatibleProviderByAlias.get(customModel.providerAlias);
+      seenFullModels.add(fullModel);
-        if (!providerEntry) return null;
+      const connectedModel = createConnectedModel({
+        disabledModels,
+        deletedModels,
+        fullModel,
+        isCustom,
+        modelAliases: aliasByFullModel,
+        modelId,
+        name,
+        providerEntry,
+        storageAlias,
+      });
+      if (connectedModel) models.push(connectedModel);
+    };
 
-        const modelId = String(customModel.id).trim();
+    // Custom registrations can supply an administrator-defined name. Add them
-        if (!modelId) return null;
+    // first so they take precedence when a model is also present in the registry.
+    for (const customModel of customModels) {
+      if (!customModel?.id || getModelType(customModel) !== "llm") continue;
 
-        const storageAlias = customModel.providerAlias;
+      const storageAlias = customModel.providerAlias;
-        const fullModel = `${storageAlias}/${modelId}`;
+      const providerEntry = connectedProviderByAlias.get(storageAlias)
-        if (seenFullModels.has(fullModel)) return null;
+        || connectedProviderById.get(storageAlias)
-        seenFullModels.add(fullModel);
+        || compatibleProviderByAlias.get(storageAlias);
+      const modelId = String(customModel.id).trim();
+      if (!providerEntry || !modelId) continue;
 
-        const disabled = new Set([
+      addModel({
-          ...(disabledModels[storageAlias] || []),
+        isCustom: true,
-          ...(disabledModels[providerEntry.providerId] || []),
+        modelId,
-          ...(disabledModels[providerEntry.providerAlias] || []),
+        name: customModel.name,
-        ]);
+        providerEntry,
-        const caps = getCapabilitiesForModel(providerEntry.providerId, modelId);
+        storageAlias,
+      });
+    }
 
-        return {
+    // Standard providers declare their model catalogs in the registry. Expose
-          provider: providerEntry.provider,
+    // those models after a usable connection exists; compatible providers stay
-          providerAlias: storageAlias,
+    // custom-model-only because their available models are runtime-defined.
-          model: modelId,
+    for (const providerEntry of connectedProviderById.values()) {
-          name: customModel.name || modelId,
+      const storageAlias = providerEntry.providerAlias;
-          fullModel,
+      for (const model of getModelsByProviderId(providerEntry.providerId)) {
-          alias: aliasByFullModel.get(fullModel) || modelId,
+        if (!model?.id || getModelType(model) !== "llm") continue;
-          disabled: disabled.has(modelId),
+        addModel({
-          isCustom: true,
+          isCustom: false,
-          caps: {
+          modelId: model.id,
-            vision: caps.vision,
+          name: model.name,
-            search: caps.search,
+          providerEntry,
-            reasoning: caps.reasoning,
+          storageAlias,
-          },
+        });
-        };
+      }
-      })
+    }
-      .filter(Boolean)
+
+    const visibleModels = models
       .filter((model) => user.role === "admin" || !model.disabled)
       .sort((a, b) => (
         a.provider.name.localeCompare(b.provider.name)
@@ -202,7 +280,7 @@ export async function GET() {
         || a.model.localeCompare(b.model)
       ));
 
-    return NextResponse.json({ models });
+    return NextResponse.json({ models: visibleModels });
   } catch (error) {
     const accessError = getForbiddenResponse(error);
     if (accessError) return accessError;

src/app/api/models/custom/route.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   addCustomModel,
   deleteCustomModel,
 } from "@/models";
+import { isDeletedModel } from "@/lib/db";
 import { requireAdminUser } from "@/lib/auth/currentUser";
 
 export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
@@ -44,6 +45,9 @@ export async function POST(request) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: "providerAlias and id required" }, { status: 400 });
     }
     await requireCustomModelCatalogAdmin();
+    if (await isDeletedModel(providerAlias, id)) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "This model was permanently deleted" }, { status: 409 });
+    }
     const added = await addCustomModel({ providerAlias, id, type: type || "llm", name });
     return NextResponse.json({ success: true, added });
   } catch (error) {

src/app/api/models/delete/route.js

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import {
+  deleteModelPermanently,
+  getDeletedModels,
+  purgeRequestDetailBuffer,
+} from "@/lib/db";
+import { requireAdminUser } from "@/lib/auth/currentUser";
+import { resetComboRotation } from "open-sse/services/combo.js";
+
+export const dynamic = "force-dynamic";
+
+function getAccessErrorResponse(error) {
+  if (error.message === "Unauthorized") {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Unauthorized" }, { status: 401 });
+  }
+  if (error.message === "Forbidden") {
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Administrator access required" }, { status: 403 });
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// GET /api/models/delete?providerAlias=xxx
+// Returns permanent-deletion tombstones for clients that render a provider catalog.
+export async function GET(request) {
+  try {
+    const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url);
+    const providerAlias = searchParams.get("providerAlias");
+    const deleted = await getDeletedModels();
+    if (providerAlias) return NextResponse.json({ ids: deleted[providerAlias] || [] });
+    return NextResponse.json({ deleted });
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.log("Error fetching permanently deleted models:", error);
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Failed to fetch deleted models" }, { status: 500 });
+  }
+}
+
+// POST /api/models/delete  body: { providerAlias, modelId }
+// Permanently removes a model from selectable catalogs and saved routing configuration.
+// Usage history is intentionally retained for accurate token reporting.
+export async function POST(request) {
+  try {
+    await requireAdminUser();
+
+    const body = await request.json();
+    const providerAlias = typeof body.providerAlias === "string" ? body.providerAlias.trim() : "";
+    const modelId = typeof body.modelId === "string" ? body.modelId.trim() : "";
+    if (!providerAlias || !modelId) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "providerAlias and modelId are required" }, { status: 400 });
+    }
+
+    const result = await deleteModelPermanently(providerAlias, modelId);
+    for (const comboId of [...result.updatedComboIds, ...result.deletedComboIds]) {
+      resetComboRotation(comboId);
+    }
+    purgeRequestDetailBuffer(result.providerAliases, result.modelId);
+
+    return NextResponse.json({ success: true, result });
+  } catch (error) {
+    const accessError = getAccessErrorResponse(error);
+    if (accessError) return accessError;
+
+    console.log("Error permanently deleting model:", error);
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: "Failed to permanently delete model" }, { status: 500 });
+  }
+}

src/app/api/models/route.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { getModelAliases, setModelAlias } from "@/models";
 import { getDisabledModels } from "@/lib/disabledModelsDb";
+import { getDeletedModels, isDeletedModelReference } from "@/lib/db";
 import { AI_MODELS } from "@/shared/constants/config";
 import { getProviderAlias } from "@/shared/constants/providers";
 import { getCapabilitiesForModel } from "open-sse/providers/capabilities.js";
@@ -9,13 +10,16 @@ import { getCapabilitiesForModel } from "open-sse/providers/capabilities.js";
 export async function GET() {
   try {
     const modelAliases = await getModelAliases();
-    const disabled = await getDisabledModels();
+    const [disabled, deleted] = await Promise.all([getDisabledModels(), getDeletedModels()]);
 
     const models = AI_MODELS
       .filter((m) => {
         const alias = getProviderAlias(m.provider) || m.provider;
         const list = disabled[alias] || disabled[m.provider] || [];
-        return !list.includes(m.model);
+        const deletedIds = [...(deleted[alias] || []), ...(deleted[m.provider] || [])];
+        return !list.includes(m.model) && !deletedIds.some((id) => (
+          m.model === id || (m.model.startsWith(`${id}(`) && m.model.endsWith(")"))
+        ));
       })
       .map((m) => {
         const fullModel = `${m.provider}/${m.model}`;
@@ -45,6 +49,10 @@ export async function PUT(request) {
       return NextResponse.json({ error: "Model and alias required" }, { status: 400 });
     }
 
+    if (await isDeletedModelReference(model)) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: "This model was permanently deleted" }, { status: 409 });
+    }
+
     const modelAliases = await getModelAliases();
 
     // Check if alias already exists for different model

src/app/api/pricing/route.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
 import { getPricing, updatePricing, resetPricing, resetAllPricing } from "@/lib/localDb.js";
+import { isDeletedModel } from "@/lib/db";
 import { getDefaultPricing } from "open-sse/providers/pricing.js";
 
 /**
@@ -46,6 +47,12 @@ export async function PATCH(request) {
       }
 
       for (const [model, pricing] of Object.entries(models)) {
+        if (await isDeletedModel(provider, model)) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            { error: `Model was permanently deleted: ${provider}/${model}` },
+            { status: 409 },
+          );
+        }
         if (typeof pricing !== "object" || pricing === null) {
           return NextResponse.json(
             { error: `Invalid pricing for model: ${provider}/${model}` },

src/app/api/v1/models/info/route.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { PROVIDER_MODELS } from "open-sse/config/providerModels.js";
 import { AI_PROVIDERS, ALIAS_TO_ID } from "@/shared/constants/providers";
 import { getModelKind } from "@/shared/constants/models";
+import { isDeletedModelReference } from "@/lib/db";
 
 const KIND_ENDPOINT = {
   llm: "/v1/chat/completions",
@@ -93,6 +94,12 @@ export async function GET(request) {
       { status: 400, headers: { "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*" } },
     );
   }
+  if (await isDeletedModelReference(id)) {
+    return Response.json(
+      { error: { message: `Model not found: ${id}`, type: "not_found" } },
+      { status: 404, headers: { "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*" } },
+    );
+  }
   const info = lookup(id, kind);
   if (!info) {
     return Response.json(

src/app/api/v1/models/route.js

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/shared/constants/providers";
 import { getApiKeyByKey, getProviderConnections, getCombos, getCustomModels, getModelAliases } from "@/lib/localDb";
 import { getDisabledModels } from "@/lib/disabledModelsDb";
+import { getDeletedModels } from "@/lib/db";
 import { resolveKiroModels } from "open-sse/services/kiroModels.js";
 import { resolveKimchiModels } from "open-sse/services/kimchiModels.js";
 import { resolveQoderModels } from "open-sse/services/qoderModels.js";
@@ -263,6 +264,20 @@ export async function buildModelsList(kindFilter, ownerOrOptions = {}) {
   }
   const isDisabled = (alias, modelId) => Array.isArray(disabledByAlias[alias]) && disabledByAlias[alias].includes(modelId);
 
+  let deletedByAlias = {};
+  try {
+    deletedByAlias = await getDeletedModels();
+  } catch (e) {
+    console.log("Could not fetch permanently deleted models");
+  }
+  const isDeleted = (modelId, ...providerAliases) => providerAliases.some((providerAlias) => (
+    Array.isArray(deletedByAlias[providerAlias])
+    && deletedByAlias[providerAlias].some((deletedModelId) => (
+      modelId === deletedModelId
+      || (modelId.startsWith(`${deletedModelId}(`) && modelId.endsWith(")"))
+    ))
+  ));
+
   const activeConnectionByProvider = new Map();
   for (const conn of connections) {
     if (!activeConnectionByProvider.has(conn.provider)) {
@@ -296,7 +311,7 @@ export async function buildModelsList(kindFilter, ownerOrOptions = {}) {
       if (!providerMatchesKinds(providerId, kindFilter)) continue;
       for (const model of providerModels) {
         if (!kindFilter.includes(modelKind(model))) continue;
-        if (isDisabled(alias, model.id)) continue;
+        if (isDisabled(alias, model.id) || isDeleted(model.id, alias, providerId)) continue;
         models.push({
           id: `${alias}/${model.id}`,
           object: "model",
@@ -314,6 +329,7 @@ export async function buildModelsList(kindFilter, ownerOrOptions = {}) {
 
       const modelId = String(customModel.id).trim();
       if (!modelId) continue;
+      if (isDeleted(modelId, providerAlias)) continue;
 
       models.push({
         id: `${providerAlias}/${modelId}`,
@@ -450,7 +466,11 @@ export async function buildModelsList(kindFilter, ownerOrOptions = {}) {
         // imageToText custom models stay in the LLM list (vision-capable chat models)
         const allowAsLlm = kind === "imageToText" && kindFilter.includes(LLM_KIND);
         if (!kindFilter.includes(kind) && !allowAsLlm) continue;
-        if (isDisabled(outputAlias, modelId) || isDisabled(staticAlias, modelId)) continue;
+        if (
+          isDisabled(outputAlias, modelId)
+          || isDisabled(staticAlias, modelId)
+          || isDeleted(modelId, outputAlias, staticAlias, providerId)
+        ) continue;
 
         const model = {
           id: `${outputAlias}/${modelId}`,

src/lib/db/index.js

@@ -83,6 +83,11 @@ export {
   getDisabledModels, getDisabledByProvider, disableModels, enableModels,
 } from "./repos/disabledModelsRepo.js";
 
+// Permanently deleted models
+export {
+  getDeletedModels, isDeletedModel, isDeletedModelReference, deleteModelPermanently,
+} from "./repos/deletedModelsRepo.js";
+
 // Usage
 export {
   statsEmitter, trackPendingRequest, getActiveRequests,
@@ -93,6 +98,7 @@ export {
 // Request details
 export {
   saveRequestDetail, getRequestDetails, getRequestDetailById, getDistinctProviders,
+  purgeRequestDetailBuffer,
 } from "./repos/requestDetailsRepo.js";
 
 // Export/import full DB
@@ -115,6 +121,7 @@ export async function exportDb() {
     mitmAlias: {},
     pricing: {},
     disabledModels: {},
+    deletedModels: {},
   };
 
   for (const r of db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'modelAliases'`)) out.modelAliases[r.key] = parseJson(r.value);
@@ -122,6 +129,7 @@ export async function exportDb() {
   for (const r of db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'mitmAlias'`)) out.mitmAlias[r.key] = parseJson(r.value);
   for (const r of db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'pricing'`)) out.pricing[r.key] = parseJson(r.value);
   for (const r of db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'disabledModels'`)) out.disabledModels[r.key] = parseJson(r.value, []);
+  for (const r of db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'deletedModels'`)) out.deletedModels[r.key] = parseJson(r.value, []);
 
   return out;
 }
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@ export async function importDb(payload) {
     db.run(`DELETE FROM proxyPools`);
     db.run(`DELETE FROM apiKeys`);
     db.run(`DELETE FROM combos`);
-    db.run(`DELETE FROM kv WHERE scope IN ('modelAliases', 'customModels', 'mitmAlias', 'pricing', 'disabledModels')`);
+    db.run(`DELETE FROM kv WHERE scope IN ('modelAliases', 'customModels', 'mitmAlias', 'pricing', 'disabledModels', 'deletedModels')`);
 
     // Settings
     if (payload.settings) {
@@ -261,6 +269,14 @@ export async function importDb(payload) {
         db.run(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO kv(scope, key, value) VALUES('disabledModels', ?, ?)`, [providerAlias, stringifyJson([...new Set(validModelIds)])]);
       }
     }
+    for (const [providerAlias, modelIds] of Object.entries(payload.deletedModels || {})) {
+      const validModelIds = Array.isArray(modelIds)
+        ? modelIds.filter((modelId) => typeof modelId === "string" && modelId)
+        : [];
+      if (providerAlias && validModelIds.length > 0) {
+        db.run(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO kv(scope, key, value) VALUES('deletedModels', ?, ?)`, [providerAlias, stringifyJson([...new Set(validModelIds)])]);
+      }
+    }
   });
 
   return await exportDb();

src/lib/db/repos/deletedModelsRepo.js

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+import { getProviderAlias, getProviderByAlias } from "@/shared/constants/providers";
+import { getAdapter } from "../driver.js";
+import { parseJson, stringifyJson } from "../helpers/jsonCol.js";
+import { invalidatePricingCache } from "./pricingRepo.js";
+
+const SCOPE = "deletedModels";
+
+function normalizeIds(value) {
+  return Array.isArray(value) ? value.filter((id) => typeof id === "string" && id) : [];
+}
+
+function getRowsChanged(result) {
+  return Number(result?.changes || 0);
+}
+
+function getProviderAliasesSync(db, providerAlias) {
+  const aliases = new Set([providerAlias]);
+  const provider = getProviderByAlias(providerAlias);
+  if (provider?.id) aliases.add(provider.id);
+  if (provider?.alias) aliases.add(provider.alias);
+
+  const nodeRows = db.all(`SELECT id, data FROM providerNodes`);
+  for (const node of nodeRows) {
+    const nodeData = parseJson(node.data, {}) || {};
+    if (node.id === providerAlias || nodeData.prefix === providerAlias || aliases.has(node.id)) {
+      aliases.add(node.id);
+      if (nodeData.prefix) aliases.add(nodeData.prefix);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (const alias of [...aliases]) {
+    aliases.add(getProviderAlias(alias) || alias);
+  }
+
+  return [...aliases].filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function modelWhereClause(column, modelId) {
+  return {
+    sql: `(${column} = ? OR (substr(${column}, 1, length(?)) = ? AND substr(${column}, -1) = ?))`,
+    params: [modelId, `${modelId}(`, `${modelId}(`, ")"],
+  };
+}
+
+function removeModelFromKvScopesSync(db, providerAliases, modelId) {
+  const aliases = new Set(providerAliases);
+  const result = { aliases: 0, customModels: 0, pricing: 0, disabledModels: 0 };
+
+  const modelAliasRows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'modelAliases'`);
+  for (const row of modelAliasRows) {
+    const fullModel = parseJson(row.value, null);
+    if (!matchesDeletedModelReference(fullModel, providerAliases, modelId)) continue;
+    result.aliases += getRowsChanged(db.run(`DELETE FROM kv WHERE scope = 'modelAliases' AND key = ?`, [row.key]));
+  }
+
+  const customRows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'customModels'`);
+  for (const row of customRows) {
+    const customModel = parseJson(row.value, {}) || {};
+    if (!aliases.has(customModel.providerAlias) || !matchesDeletedModelId(customModel.id, modelId)) continue;
+    result.customModels += getRowsChanged(db.run(`DELETE FROM kv WHERE scope = 'customModels' AND key = ?`, [row.key]));
+  }
+
+  const pricingRows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'pricing'`);
+  for (const row of pricingRows) {
+    if (!aliases.has(row.key)) continue;
+    const current = parseJson(row.value, {}) || {};
+    const next = Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.entries(current).filter(([storedModelId]) => !matchesDeletedModelId(storedModelId, modelId)),
+    );
+    if (Object.keys(next).length === Object.keys(current).length) continue;
+    result.pricing += Object.keys(current).length - Object.keys(next).length;
+    if (Object.keys(next).length === 0) {
+      db.run(`DELETE FROM kv WHERE scope = 'pricing' AND key = ?`, [row.key]);
+    } else {
+      db.run(`UPDATE kv SET value = ? WHERE scope = 'pricing' AND key = ?`, [stringifyJson(next), row.key]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const disabledRows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'disabledModels'`);
+  for (const row of disabledRows) {
+    if (!aliases.has(row.key)) continue;
+    const current = normalizeIds(parseJson(row.value, []));
+    const next = current.filter((storedModelId) => !matchesDeletedModelId(storedModelId, modelId));
+    result.disabledModels += current.length - next.length;
+    if (next.length === current.length) continue;
+    if (next.length === 0) {
+      db.run(`DELETE FROM kv WHERE scope = 'disabledModels' AND key = ?`, [row.key]);
+    } else {
+      db.run(`UPDATE kv SET value = ? WHERE scope = 'disabledModels' AND key = ?`, [stringifyJson(next), row.key]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+function cleanCombosSync(db, providerAliases, modelId) {
+  const aliasRows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'modelAliases'`);
+  const aliases = Object.fromEntries(aliasRows.map((row) => [row.key, parseJson(row.value, null)]));
+  const updatedComboIds = [];
+  const deletedComboIds = [];
+  const comboRows = db.all(`SELECT id, models FROM combos`);
+
+  for (const row of comboRows) {
+    const parsedModels = parseJson(row.models, []);
+    const models = Array.isArray(parsedModels) ? parsedModels : [];
+    const keptModels = models.filter((reference) => {
+      const resolvedReference = typeof reference === "string" ? aliases[reference] : null;
+      return !matchesDeletedModelReference(reference, providerAliases, modelId)
+        && !matchesDeletedModelReference(resolvedReference, providerAliases, modelId);
+    });
+    if (keptModels.length === models.length) continue;
+
+    if (keptModels.length === 0) {
+      db.run(`DELETE FROM combos WHERE id = ?`, [row.id]);
+      deletedComboIds.push(row.id);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    db.run(
+      `UPDATE combos SET models = ?, updatedAt = ? WHERE id = ?`,
+      [stringifyJson(keptModels), new Date().toISOString(), row.id],
+    );
+    updatedComboIds.push(row.id);
+  }
+
+  const settingsRow = db.get(`SELECT data FROM settings WHERE id = 1`);
+  const settings = settingsRow ? (parseJson(settingsRow.data, {}) || {}) : {};
+  const comboStrategies = { ...(settings.comboStrategies || {}) };
+  let settingsChanged = false;
+
+  for (const comboId of deletedComboIds) {
+    if (comboStrategies[comboId] === undefined) continue;
+    delete comboStrategies[comboId];
+    settingsChanged = true;
+  }
+
+  for (const [comboId, strategy] of Object.entries(comboStrategies)) {
+    const resolvedJudgeModel = typeof strategy?.judgeModel === "string"
+      ? aliases[strategy.judgeModel]
+      : null;
+    if (
+      !strategy
+      || (
+        !matchesDeletedModelReference(strategy.judgeModel, providerAliases, modelId)
+        && !matchesDeletedModelReference(resolvedJudgeModel, providerAliases, modelId)
+      )
+    ) continue;
+    const { judgeModel, ...nextStrategy } = strategy;
+    if (Object.keys(nextStrategy).length === 0) delete comboStrategies[comboId];
+    else comboStrategies[comboId] = nextStrategy;
+    if (!updatedComboIds.includes(comboId)) updatedComboIds.push(comboId);
+    settingsChanged = true;
+  }
+
+  if (settingsChanged) {
+    db.run(
+      `INSERT INTO settings(id, data) VALUES(1, ?) ON CONFLICT(id) DO UPDATE SET data = excluded.data`,
+      [stringifyJson({ ...settings, comboStrategies })],
+    );
+  }
+
+  return { updatedComboIds, deletedComboIds };
+}
+
+function isDeletedReference(reference, modelAliases, providerAliases, modelId) {
+  const resolvedReference = typeof reference === "string" ? modelAliases[reference] : null;
+  return matchesDeletedModelReference(reference, providerAliases, modelId)
+    || matchesDeletedModelReference(resolvedReference, providerAliases, modelId);
+}
+
+function cleanCliToolConfigsSync(db, providerAliases, modelId) {
+  const aliasRows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = 'modelAliases'`);
+  const modelAliases = Object.fromEntries(aliasRows.map((row) => [row.key, parseJson(row.value, null)]));
+  const configRows = db.all(`SELECT ownerId, toolId, data FROM cliToolConfigs`);
+  let updatedConfigs = 0;
+
+  for (const row of configRows) {
+    const config = parseJson(row.data, {}) || {};
+    let changed = false;
+    const deleted = (reference) => isDeletedReference(reference, modelAliases, providerAliases, modelId);
+
+    if (config.claudeModels && typeof config.claudeModels === "object") {
+      const claudeModels = { ...config.claudeModels };
+      const claudeThinking = { ...(config.claudeThinking || {}) };
+      for (const [slot, reference] of Object.entries(claudeModels)) {
+        if (!deleted(reference)) continue;
+        claudeModels[slot] = "";
+        delete claudeThinking[slot];
+        changed = true;
+      }
+      if (changed) {
+        config.claudeModels = claudeModels;
+        config.claudeThinking = claudeThinking;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (deleted(config.codexModel)) {
+      config.codexModel = "";
+      config.codexThinking = "";
+      changed = true;
+    }
+
+    for (const field of ["opencodeModels", "selectedModels"]) {
+      if (!Array.isArray(config[field])) continue;
+      const removedModels = config[field].filter(deleted);
+      if (removedModels.length === 0) continue;
+      config[field] = config[field].filter((reference) => !deleted(reference));
+      for (const mapField of ["coworkThinking", "copilotThinking", "copilotTokens"]) {
+        if (!config[mapField] || typeof config[mapField] !== "object") continue;
+        const nextMap = { ...config[mapField] };
+        for (const reference of removedModels) delete nextMap[reference];
+        config[mapField] = nextMap;
+      }
+      changed = true;
+    }
+
+    if (deleted(config.opencodeDefaultModel)) {
+      config.opencodeDefaultModel = config.opencodeModels?.[0] || "";
+      changed = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!changed) continue;
+    db.run(
+      `UPDATE cliToolConfigs SET data = ?, updatedAt = ? WHERE ownerId = ? AND toolId = ?`,
+      [stringifyJson(config), new Date().toISOString(), row.ownerId, row.toolId],
+    );
+    updatedConfigs += 1;
+  }
+
+  return updatedConfigs;
+}
+
+export function matchesDeletedModelId(candidate, modelId) {
+  if (typeof candidate !== "string" || typeof modelId !== "string") return false;
+  if (candidate === modelId) return true;
+  return candidate.startsWith(`${modelId}(`) && candidate.endsWith(")");
+}
+
+export function matchesDeletedModelReference(reference, providerAliases, modelId) {
+  if (typeof reference !== "string" || !Array.isArray(providerAliases)) return false;
+
+  return providerAliases.some((providerAlias) => {
+    if (typeof providerAlias !== "string" || !providerAlias) return false;
+    const prefix = `${providerAlias}/`;
+    return reference.startsWith(prefix)
+      && matchesDeletedModelId(reference.slice(prefix.length), modelId);
+  });
+}
+
+export function matchesDeletedModelUsage(provider, model, providerAliases, modelId) {
+  return Array.isArray(providerAliases)
+    && providerAliases.includes(provider)
+    && matchesDeletedModelId(model, modelId);
+}
+
+export function isDeletedModelSync(db, provider, model) {
+  if (!db || !provider || !model) return false;
+
+  const providerAliases = getProviderAliasesSync(db, provider);
+
+  for (const alias of providerAliases) {
+    const row = db.get(`SELECT value FROM kv WHERE scope = ? AND key = ?`, [SCOPE, alias]);
+    const modelIds = normalizeIds(row ? parseJson(row.value, []) : []);
+    if (modelIds.some((modelId) => matchesDeletedModelId(model, modelId))) return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+export function markDeletedModelSync(db, providerAlias, modelId) {
+  if (!db || !providerAlias || !modelId) return false;
+
+  const row = db.get(`SELECT value FROM kv WHERE scope = ? AND key = ?`, [SCOPE, providerAlias]);
+  const current = normalizeIds(row ? parseJson(row.value, []) : []);
+  if (current.includes(modelId)) return false;
+
+  db.run(
+    `INSERT INTO kv(scope, key, value) VALUES(?, ?, ?) ON CONFLICT(scope, key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value`,
+    [SCOPE, providerAlias, stringifyJson([...current, modelId])],
+  );
+  return true;
+}
+
+export async function getDeletedModels() {
+  const db = await getAdapter();
+  const rows = db.all(`SELECT key, value FROM kv WHERE scope = ?`, [SCOPE]);
+  const deleted = {};
+  for (const row of rows) deleted[row.key] = normalizeIds(parseJson(row.value, []));
+  return deleted;
+}
+
+export async function isDeletedModel(provider, model) {
+  const db = await getAdapter();
+  return isDeletedModelSync(db, provider, model);
+}
+
+export async function isDeletedModelReference(reference) {
+  if (typeof reference !== "string") return false;
+  const separatorIndex = reference.indexOf("/");
+  if (separatorIndex <= 0 || separatorIndex === reference.length - 1) return false;
+
+  const providerAlias = reference.slice(0, separatorIndex);
+  const modelId = reference.slice(separatorIndex + 1);
+  const db = await getAdapter();
+  const providerAliases = getProviderAliasesSync(db, providerAlias);
+
+  return providerAliases.some((alias) => {
+    const row = db.get(`SELECT value FROM kv WHERE scope = ? AND key = ?`, [SCOPE, alias]);
+    const deletedModels = normalizeIds(row ? parseJson(row.value, []) : []);
+    return deletedModels.some((deletedModelId) => matchesDeletedModelId(modelId, deletedModelId));
+  });
+}
+
+export async function deleteModelPermanently(providerAlias, modelId) {
+  if (!providerAlias || !modelId) return null;
+
+  const db = await getAdapter();
+  let result = null;
+  db.transaction(() => {
+    const providerAliases = getProviderAliasesSync(db, providerAlias);
+    const storageAlias = getProviderAlias(providerAlias) || providerAlias;
+    const deleted = markDeletedModelSync(db, storageAlias, modelId);
+    const combos = cleanCombosSync(db, providerAliases, modelId);
+    const updatedCliToolConfigs = cleanCliToolConfigsSync(db, providerAliases, modelId);
+    const kv = removeModelFromKvScopesSync(db, providerAliases, modelId);
+    const where = modelWhereClause("model", modelId);
+    const providerPlaceholders = providerAliases.map(() => "?").join(", ");
+    const requestDetails = getRowsChanged(db.run(
+      `DELETE FROM requestDetails WHERE provider IN (${providerPlaceholders}) AND ${where.sql}`,
+      [...providerAliases, ...where.params],
+    ));
+
+    result = {
+      deleted,
+      providerAliases,
+      modelId,
+      removedAliases: kv.aliases,
+      removedCustomModels: kv.customModels,
+      removedPricingEntries: kv.pricing,
+      removedDisabledModels: kv.disabledModels,
+      updatedComboIds: combos.updatedComboIds,
+      deletedComboIds: combos.deletedComboIds,
+      updatedCliToolConfigs,
+      removedRequestDetails: requestDetails,
+    };
+  });
+
+  invalidatePricingCache();
+
+  return result;
+}

src/lib/db/repos/pricingRepo.js

@@ -11,10 +11,28 @@ function invalidate() {
   cache = { value: null, expiresAt: 0 };
 }
 
+export function invalidatePricingCache() {
+  invalidate();
+}
+
 async function getUserPricing() {
   return await pricingKv.getAll();
 }
 
+async function removeDeletedModelsFromPricing(pricing) {
+  const { isDeletedModel } = await import("./deletedModelsRepo.js");
+  const filtered = {};
+
+  for (const [provider, models] of Object.entries(pricing)) {
+    const entries = await Promise.all(Object.entries(models).map(async ([modelId, modelPricing]) => (
+      (await isDeletedModel(provider, modelId)) ? null : [modelId, modelPricing]
+    )));
+    filtered[provider] = Object.fromEntries(entries.filter(Boolean));
+  }
+
+  return filtered;
+}
+
 export async function getPricing() {
   const now = Date.now();
   if (cache.value && cache.expiresAt > now) return cache.value;
@@ -44,12 +62,15 @@ export async function getPricing() {
     }
   }
 
-  cache = { value: merged, expiresAt: now + CACHE_TTL_MS };
+  const filtered = await removeDeletedModelsFromPricing(merged);
-  return merged;
+  cache = { value: filtered, expiresAt: now + CACHE_TTL_MS };
+  return filtered;
 }
 
 export async function getPricingForModel(provider, model) {
   if (!model) return null;
+  const { isDeletedModel } = await import("./deletedModelsRepo.js");
+  if (await isDeletedModel(provider, model)) return null;
   const userPricing = await getUserPricing();
   if (provider && userPricing[provider]?.[model]) return userPricing[provider][model];
   const { getPricingForModel: resolveConst } = await import("open-sse/providers/pricing.js");

src/lib/db/repos/requestDetailsRepo.js

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { getAdapter } from "../driver.js";
 import { parseJson, stringifyJson } from "../helpers/jsonCol.js";
 import { appendUsageAccessClause, getUsageAccessScope } from "./usageAccessScope.js";
+import { isDeletedModelSync, matchesDeletedModelUsage } from "./deletedModelsRepo.js";
 
 const DEFAULT_MAX_RECORDS = 200;
 const DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 20;
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@ let writeBuffer = [];
 let flushTimer = null;
 let isFlushing = false;
 
+export function purgeRequestDetailBuffer(providerAliases, modelId) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(providerAliases) || !modelId) return;
+  writeBuffer = writeBuffer.filter(
+    (detail) => !matchesDeletedModelUsage(detail.provider, detail.model, providerAliases, modelId),
+  );
+}
+
 function sanitizeHeaders(headers) {
   if (!headers || typeof headers !== "object") return {};
   const sensitiveKeys = ["authorization", "x-api-key", "cookie", "token", "api-key"];
@@ -75,6 +83,7 @@ async function flushToDatabase() {
 
       db.transaction(() => {
         for (const item of items) {
+          if (isDeletedModelSync(db, item.provider, item.model)) continue;
           if (!item.id) item.id = generateDetailId(item.model);
           if (!item.timestamp) item.timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
           if (item.request?.headers) item.request.headers = sanitizeHeaders(item.request.headers);

src/lib/usageDb.js

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ export {
   statsEmitter, trackPendingRequest, getActiveRequests,
   saveRequestUsage, getUsageHistory, getUsageStats, getChartData,
   appendRequestLog, getRecentLogs,
-  saveRequestDetail, getRequestDetails, getRequestDetailById,
+  saveRequestDetail, getRequestDetails, getRequestDetailById, purgeRequestDetailBuffer,
 } from "@/lib/db/index.js";

src/shared/components/ModelSelectModal.js

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ export default function ModelSelectModal({
   const [providerNodes, setProviderNodes] = useState([]);
   const [customModels, setCustomModels] = useState([]);
   const [disabledModels, setDisabledModels] = useState({});
+  const [deletedModels, setDeletedModels] = useState({});
 
   const fetchCombos = async () => {
     try {
@@ -103,13 +104,21 @@ export default function ModelSelectModal({
 
   const fetchDisabledModels = async () => {
     try {
-      const res = await fetch("/api/models/disabled");
+      const [disabledRes, deletedRes] = await Promise.all([
-      if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`Failed to fetch disabled models: ${res.status}`);
+        fetch("/api/models/disabled"),
-      const data = await res.json();
+        fetch("/api/models/delete"),
-      setDisabledModels(data.disabled || {});
+      ]);
+      if (!disabledRes.ok) throw new Error(`Failed to fetch disabled models: ${disabledRes.status}`);
+      const [disabledData, deletedData] = await Promise.all([
+        disabledRes.json(),
+        deletedRes.ok ? deletedRes.json() : Promise.resolve({ deleted: {} }),
+      ]);
+      setDisabledModels(disabledData.disabled || {});
+      setDeletedModels(deletedData.deleted || {});
     } catch (error) {
       console.error("Error fetching disabled models:", error);
       setDisabledModels({});
+      setDeletedModels({});
     }
   };
 
@@ -377,13 +386,22 @@ export default function ModelSelectModal({
         ...(disabledModels[aliasKey] || []),
         ...(disabledModels[providerId] || []),
       ]);
-      if (disabledIds.size === 0) return;
+      const deletedIds = new Set([
-      group.models = group.models.filter((m) => !disabledIds.has(m.id));
+        ...(deletedModels[aliasKey] || []),
+        ...(deletedModels[providerId] || []),
+      ]);
+      if (disabledIds.size === 0 && deletedIds.size === 0) return;
+      group.models = group.models.filter((model) => !disabledIds.has(model.id) && ![
+        ...deletedIds,
+      ].some((deletedModelId) => (
+        model.id === deletedModelId
+        || (model.id.startsWith(`${deletedModelId}(`) && model.id.endsWith(")"))
+      )));
       if (group.models.length === 0) delete groups[providerId];
     });
 
     return groups;
-  }, [availableModels, filteredActiveProviders, modelAliases, allProviders, providerNodes, customModels, disabledModels, kindFilter, activeProviders]);
+  }, [availableModels, filteredActiveProviders, modelAliases, allProviders, providerNodes, customModels, disabledModels, deletedModels, kindFilter, activeProviders]);
 
   // Filter combos by search query (and hide combos when kindFilter is set — combos are LLM-only by design)
   const filteredCombos = useMemo(() => {

src/sse/services/disabledModels.js

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { getDisabledModels } from "@/lib/disabledModelsDb";
+import { getDeletedModels } from "@/lib/db";
 import { getProviderAlias } from "@/shared/constants/providers";
 import { errorResponse } from "open-sse/utils/error.js";
 import { HTTP_STATUS } from "open-sse/config/runtimeConfig.js";
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import { stripThinkingSuffix } from "open-sse/translator/concerns/thinkingUnifie
  */
 export async function getDisabledModelResponse(provider, model) {
   try {
-    const disabledModels = await getDisabledModels();
+    const [disabledModels, deletedModels] = await Promise.all([getDisabledModels(), getDeletedModels()]);
     const providerAlias = getProviderAlias(provider) || provider;
     // Thinking variants use a client-facing suffix, e.g. `gpt-5.6-sol(high)`,
     // but dispatch to the base upstream model. Evaluate the disabled policy
@@ -24,12 +25,23 @@ export async function getDisabledModelResponse(provider, model) {
       ...(disabledModels[providerAlias] || []),
       ...(disabledModels[provider] || []),
     ]);
+    const deletedIds = new Set([
+      ...(deletedModels[providerAlias] || []),
+      ...(deletedModels[provider] || []),
+    ]);
 
-    if (!disabledIds.has(model) && !disabledIds.has(baseModel)) return null;
+    const matchesDeletedModel = [...deletedIds].some((modelId) => (
+      model === modelId
+      || baseModel === modelId
+      || (model.startsWith(`${modelId}(`) && model.endsWith(")"))
+    ));
+    if (!matchesDeletedModel && !disabledIds.has(model) && !disabledIds.has(baseModel)) return null;
 
     return errorResponse(
       HTTP_STATUS.NOT_FOUND,
-      `Model ${provider}/${model} is disabled by an administrator`,
+      matchesDeletedModel
+        ? `Model ${provider}/${model} has been deleted by an administrator`
+        : `Model ${provider}/${model} is disabled by an administrator`,
     );
   } catch (error) {
     console.log("Error checking disabled model status:", error);

tests/unit/connected-models-route.test.js

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const getProviderConnections = vi.fn();
 const getCustomModels = vi.fn();
 const getProviderNodes = vi.fn();
 const getUsers = vi.fn();
+const getDeletedModels = vi.fn();
 const getDisabledModels = vi.fn();
 const requireUsageDashboardUser = vi.fn();
 const getCapabilitiesForModel = vi.fn();
@@ -16,23 +17,30 @@ vi.mock("@/models", () => ({
   getProviderNodes,
 }));
 
-vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({ getUsers }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({ getUsers, getDeletedModels }));
 
 vi.mock("@/lib/disabledModelsDb", () => ({ getDisabledModels }));
 vi.mock("@/lib/auth/currentUser", () => ({
   requireUsageDashboardUser,
 }));
-vi.mock("@/shared/constants/models", () => ({
+vi.mock("open-sse/config/providerModels.js", () => ({
-  AI_MODELS: [
+  getModelsByProviderId: (providerId) => ({
-    { provider: "alpha", model: "enabled", name: "Enabled model" },
+    alpha: [
-    { provider: "alpha", model: "disabled", name: "Disabled model" },
+      { id: "enabled", name: "Enabled model" },
-    { provider: "beta", model: "inactive", name: "Inactive provider model" },
+      { id: "disabled", name: "Disabled model" },
-  ],
+    ],
+    beta: [{ id: "inactive", name: "Inactive provider model" }],
+    "orbit-provider": [
+      { id: "claude-opus-4-8", name: "Claude Opus 4.8" },
+      { id: "claude-opus-4-6", name: "Claude Opus 4.6" },
+    ],
+  }[providerId] || []),
 }));
 vi.mock("@/shared/constants/providers", () => {
   const providers = {
     alpha: { id: "alpha", alias: "alpha-alias", name: "Alpha", color: "#111111" },
     beta: { id: "beta", alias: "beta-alias", name: "Beta", color: "#222222" },
+    "orbit-provider": { id: "orbit-provider", alias: "orbit", name: "Orbit Provider", color: "#8B5CF6" },
   };
 
   return {
@@ -54,12 +62,14 @@ describe("GET /api/models/connected", () => {
     getCustomModels.mockReset();
     getProviderNodes.mockReset();
     getUsers.mockReset();
+    getDeletedModels.mockReset();
     getDisabledModels.mockReset();
     requireUsageDashboardUser.mockReset();
     getCapabilitiesForModel.mockReset();
 
     getModelAliases.mockResolvedValue({ "preferred-alpha": "alpha-alias/enabled" });
     getDisabledModels.mockResolvedValue({ "alpha-alias": ["disabled"] });
+    getDeletedModels.mockResolvedValue({});
     getCustomModels.mockResolvedValue([
       { providerAlias: "alpha-alias", id: "enabled", name: "Enabled model", type: "llm" },
       { providerAlias: "alpha-alias", id: "disabled", name: "Disabled model", type: "llm" },
@@ -101,7 +111,7 @@ describe("GET /api/models/connected", () => {
     ]));
   });
 
-  it("does not include registry models without an explicit added-model record", async () => {
+  it("includes registry models from a viable standard provider connection", async () => {
     requireUsageDashboardUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "admin", role: "admin" });
     getCustomModels.mockResolvedValue([]);
 
@@ -109,7 +119,56 @@ describe("GET /api/models/connected", () => {
     const body = await response.json();
 
     expect(response.status).toBe(200);
-    expect(body.models).toEqual([]);
+    expect(body.models).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        fullModel: "alpha-alias/enabled",
+        providerAlias: "alpha-alias",
+        isCustom: false,
+      }),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        fullModel: "alpha-alias/disabled",
+        disabled: true,
+        isCustom: false,
+      }),
+    ]));
+    expect(body.models).not.toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({ fullModel: "beta-alias/inactive" }),
+    ]));
+  });
+
+  it("uses the storage alias for registry models when a provider ID differs from its alias", async () => {
+    requireUsageDashboardUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "admin", role: "admin" });
+    getCustomModels.mockResolvedValue([
+      { providerAlias: "orbit", id: "claude-opus-4-8", name: "Preferred Orbit Opus", type: "llm" },
+    ]);
+    getProviderConnections.mockResolvedValue([
+      { provider: "orbit-provider", isActive: true, apiKey: "secret" },
+    ]);
+    getModelAliases.mockResolvedValue({ "orbit-opus": "orbit/claude-opus-4-8" });
+
+    const response = await GET();
+    const body = await response.json();
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.models).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        provider: expect.objectContaining({ id: "orbit-provider", name: "Orbit Provider" }),
+        providerAlias: "orbit",
+        model: "claude-opus-4-8",
+        name: "Preferred Orbit Opus",
+        fullModel: "orbit/claude-opus-4-8",
+        alias: "orbit-opus",
+        isCustom: true,
+      }),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        providerAlias: "orbit",
+        model: "claude-opus-4-6",
+        name: "Claude Opus 4.6",
+        fullModel: "orbit/claude-opus-4-6",
+        isCustom: false,
+      }),
+    ]));
+    expect(body.models.filter((model) => model.fullModel === "orbit/claude-opus-4-8")).toHaveLength(1);
   });
 
   it("excludes disabled models for non-administrators", async () => {
@@ -188,6 +247,20 @@ describe("GET /api/models/connected", () => {
     ]));
   });
 
+  it("does not expose permanently deleted models to administrators", async () => {
+    requireUsageDashboardUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "admin", role: "admin" });
+    getDeletedModels.mockResolvedValue({ "alpha-alias": ["disabled", "enabled"] });
+
+    const response = await GET();
+    const body = await response.json();
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.models).not.toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({ fullModel: "alpha-alias/disabled" }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ fullModel: "alpha-alias/enabled" }),
+    ]));
+  });
+
   it("does not treat a non-admin compatible-provider connection as shared", async () => {
     const providerId = "openai-compatible-user-node";
     requireUsageDashboardUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "member-b", role: "user" });

tests/unit/custom-models-route.test.js

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 const getCustomModels = vi.fn();
 const addCustomModel = vi.fn();
 const deleteCustomModel = vi.fn();
+const isDeletedModel = vi.fn();
 const requireAdminUser = vi.fn();
 
 vi.mock("@/models", () => ({
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ vi.mock("@/models", () => ({
   addCustomModel,
   deleteCustomModel,
 }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({ isDeletedModel }));
 vi.mock("@/lib/auth/currentUser", () => ({ requireAdminUser }));
 
 const { GET, POST, DELETE } = await import("../../src/app/api/models/custom/route.js");
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@ describe("/api/models/custom", () => {
     getCustomModels.mockReset();
     addCustomModel.mockReset();
     deleteCustomModel.mockReset();
+    isDeletedModel.mockReset();
     requireAdminUser.mockReset();
+    isDeletedModel.mockResolvedValue(false);
   });
 
   it("keeps the shared catalog readable to authenticated model selectors", async () => {
@@ -64,6 +68,19 @@ describe("/api/models/custom", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("does not let an administrator re-add a permanently deleted model", async () => {
+    requireAdminUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "admin", role: "admin" });
+    isDeletedModel.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+    const response = await POST(new Request("http://localhost/api/models/custom", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: JSON.stringify({ providerAlias: "openai", id: "gpt-deleted", type: "llm" }),
+    }));
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(409);
+    expect(addCustomModel).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it("rejects a non-admin deleting a shared custom model", async () => {
     requireAdminUser.mockRejectedValue(new Error("Forbidden"));
 

tests/unit/disabled-models-enforcement.test.js

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 
 const getDisabledModels = vi.fn();
+const getDeletedModels = vi.fn();
 
 vi.mock("@/lib/disabledModelsDb", () => ({ getDisabledModels }));
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({ getDeletedModels }));
 vi.mock("@/shared/constants/providers", () => ({
   getProviderAlias: (provider) => ({ openai: "oa", claude: "claude" })[provider] || provider,
 }));
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ const { getDisabledModelResponse } = await import("../../src/sse/services/disabl
 describe("getDisabledModelResponse", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     getDisabledModels.mockReset();
+    getDeletedModels.mockReset();
+    getDeletedModels.mockResolvedValue({});
   });
 
   it("allows an enabled model", async () => {
@@ -56,6 +60,21 @@ describe("getDisabledModelResponse", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("blocks a permanently deleted model", async () => {
+    getDisabledModels.mockResolvedValue({});
+    getDeletedModels.mockResolvedValue({ oa: ["gpt-deleted"] });
+
+    const response = await getDisabledModelResponse("openai", "gpt-deleted");
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(404);
+    await expect(response.json()).resolves.toMatchObject({
+      error: {
+        code: "model_not_found",
+        message: "Model openai/gpt-deleted has been deleted by an administrator",
+      },
+    });
+  });
+
   it("fails closed when disabled-model storage cannot be read", async () => {
     getDisabledModels.mockRejectedValue(new Error("database unavailable"));
 

tests/unit/permanent-model-delete-route.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const deleteModelPermanently = vi.fn();
+const getDeletedModels = vi.fn();
+const purgeRequestDetailBuffer = vi.fn();
+const requireAdminUser = vi.fn();
+const resetComboRotation = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/db", () => ({
+  deleteModelPermanently,
+  getDeletedModels,
+  purgeRequestDetailBuffer,
+}));
+vi.mock("@/lib/auth/currentUser", () => ({ requireAdminUser }));
+vi.mock("open-sse/services/combo.js", () => ({ resetComboRotation }));
+
+const { GET, POST } = await import("../../src/app/api/models/delete/route.js");
+
+describe("/api/models/delete", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    deleteModelPermanently.mockReset();
+    getDeletedModels.mockReset();
+    purgeRequestDetailBuffer.mockReset();
+    requireAdminUser.mockReset();
+    resetComboRotation.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects non-admin permanent deletion", async () => {
+    requireAdminUser.mockRejectedValue(new Error("Forbidden"));
+
+    const response = await POST(new Request("http://localhost/api/models/delete", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: JSON.stringify({ providerAlias: "alpha", modelId: "model-a" }),
+    }));
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(403);
+    expect(deleteModelPermanently).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("validates model deletion input", async () => {
+    requireAdminUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "admin", role: "admin" });
+
+    const response = await POST(new Request("http://localhost/api/models/delete", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: JSON.stringify({ providerAlias: "alpha" }),
+    }));
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(deleteModelPermanently).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("cascades an admin deletion without purging usage history", async () => {
+    requireAdminUser.mockResolvedValue({ id: "admin", role: "admin" });
+    deleteModelPermanently.mockResolvedValue({
+      providerAliases: ["alpha", "alpha-id"],
+      modelId: "model-a",
+      updatedComboIds: ["combo-updated"],
+      deletedComboIds: ["combo-deleted"],
+    });
+
+    const response = await POST(new Request("http://localhost/api/models/delete", {
+      method: "POST",
+      body: JSON.stringify({ providerAlias: "alpha", modelId: "model-a" }),
+    }));
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(deleteModelPermanently).toHaveBeenCalledWith("alpha", "model-a");
+    expect(resetComboRotation).toHaveBeenCalledWith("combo-updated");
+    expect(resetComboRotation).toHaveBeenCalledWith("combo-deleted");
+    expect(purgeRequestDetailBuffer).toHaveBeenCalledWith(["alpha", "alpha-id"], "model-a");
+  });
+
+  it("returns permanent-deletion tombstones for catalog readers", async () => {
+    getDeletedModels.mockResolvedValue({ alpha: ["model-a"] });
+
+    const response = await GET(new Request("http://localhost/api/models/delete?providerAlias=alpha"));
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+    await expect(response.json()).resolves.toEqual({ ids: ["model-a"] });
+  });
+});

tests/unit/permanent-model-delete.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import os from "node:os";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const originalDataDir = process.env.DATA_DIR;
+let tempDir;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  tempDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "9router-model-delete-"));
+  process.env.DATA_DIR = tempDir;
+  delete global._dbAdapter;
+  delete global._pendingRequests;
+  delete global._pendingTimers;
+  delete global._recentRing;
+  vi.resetModules();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  try { global._dbAdapter?.instance?.close?.(); } catch {}
+  delete global._dbAdapter;
+  fs.rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  if (originalDataDir === undefined) delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
+  else process.env.DATA_DIR = originalDataDir;
+});
+
+describe("permanent model deletion", () => {
+  it("removes dependent catalog, combo, pricing, and observability data while retaining usage history", async () => {
+    const db = await import("@/lib/db/index.js");
+    const providerId = "openai-compatible-cascade-test";
+    const providerPrefix = "cascade";
+    const modelId = "gpt-delete";
+
+    await db.createProviderNode({
+      id: providerId,
+      type: "openai-compatible",
+      name: "Cascade Test Provider",
+      prefix: providerPrefix,
+      baseUrl: "https://example.invalid/v1",
+    });
+    await db.setModelAlias("deleted-alias", `${providerPrefix}/${modelId}`);
+    await db.setModelAlias("keep-alias", `${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`);
+    await db.addCustomModel({ providerAlias: providerPrefix, id: modelId, type: "llm" });
+    await db.addCustomModel({ providerAlias: providerPrefix, id: "gpt-keep", type: "llm" });
+    await db.disableModels(providerPrefix, [modelId]);
+    await db.updatePricing({
+      [providerPrefix]: {
+        [modelId]: { prompt: 1, completion: 2 },
+        "gpt-keep": { prompt: 3, completion: 4 },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const mixedCombo = await db.createCombo({
+      name: "cascade-mixed",
+      models: [`${providerPrefix}/${modelId}`, `${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`],
+    });
+    const aliasCombo = await db.createCombo({
+      name: "cascade-alias-only",
+      models: ["deleted-alias"],
+    });
+    await db.updateSettings({
+      comboStrategies: {
+        [mixedCombo.id]: {
+          fallbackStrategy: "fusion",
+          judgeModel: "deleted-alias",
+        },
+        [aliasCombo.id]: { fallbackStrategy: "round-robin" },
+      },
+    });
+    const cliUser = await db.createUser({ username: "cascade-cli-user", password: "password", role: "user" });
+    await db.upsertCliToolConfig(cliUser.id, "codex", {
+      baseUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:20127",
+      codexModel: "deleted-alias",
+      codexThinking: "high",
+    });
+    await db.upsertCliToolConfig(cliUser.id, "cowork", {
+      baseUrl: "http://127.0.0.1:20127",
+      selectedModels: ["deleted-alias", `${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`],
+      coworkThinking: { "deleted-alias": "high", [`${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`]: "low" },
+    });
+
+    await db.saveRequestUsage({
+      timestamp: "2026-07-18T10:00:00.000Z",
+      provider: providerId,
+      model: modelId,
+      connectionId: "cascade-connection",
+      tokens: { prompt_tokens: 10, completion_tokens: 5 },
+      endpoint: "/v1/chat/completions",
+    });
+    await db.saveRequestUsage({
+      timestamp: "2026-07-18T10:01:00.000Z",
+      provider: providerPrefix,
+      model: `${modelId}(high)`,
+      connectionId: "cascade-connection",
+      tokens: { prompt_tokens: 20, completion_tokens: 10 },
+      endpoint: "/v1/chat/completions",
+    });
+    await db.saveRequestUsage({
+      timestamp: "2026-07-18T10:02:00.000Z",
+      provider: providerId,
+      model: "gpt-keep",
+      connectionId: "cascade-connection",
+      tokens: { prompt_tokens: 30, completion_tokens: 15 },
+      endpoint: "/v1/chat/completions",
+    });
+
+    await db.updateSettings({ enableObservability: true, observabilityBatchSize: 1 });
+    await db.saveRequestDetail({
+      id: "cascade-deleted-detail",
+      provider: providerPrefix,
+      model: modelId,
+      status: "ok",
+      request: {},
+      response: {},
+    });
+    await db.saveRequestDetail({
+      id: "cascade-keep-detail",
+      provider: providerId,
+      model: "gpt-keep",
+      status: "ok",
+      request: {},
+      response: {},
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+
+    const result = await db.deleteModelPermanently(providerId, modelId);
+    db.purgeRequestDetailBuffer(result.providerAliases, result.modelId);
+
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({
+      deleted: true,
+      removedAliases: 1,
+      removedCustomModels: 1,
+      removedPricingEntries: 1,
+      removedDisabledModels: 1,
+      removedRequestDetails: 1,
+      updatedCliToolConfigs: 2,
+      updatedComboIds: [mixedCombo.id],
+      deletedComboIds: [aliasCombo.id],
+    });
+    expect(result.providerAliases).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([providerId, providerPrefix]));
+    expect(await db.isDeletedModel(providerId, modelId)).toBe(true);
+    expect(await db.isDeletedModel(providerId, `${modelId}(high)`)).toBe(true);
+    expect((await db.getDeletedModels())[providerId]).toContain(modelId);
+
+    expect(await db.getModelAliases()).toEqual({ "keep-alias": `${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep` });
+    expect(await db.getCustomModels()).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({ providerAlias: providerPrefix, id: "gpt-keep" }),
+    ]);
+    expect(await db.getDisabledByProvider(providerPrefix)).toEqual([]);
+    expect((await db.getPricing())[providerPrefix]).toEqual({
+      "gpt-keep": { prompt: 3, completion: 4 },
+    });
+
+    expect(await db.getComboById(mixedCombo.id)).toMatchObject({
+      models: [`${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`],
+    });
+    expect(await db.getComboById(aliasCombo.id)).toBeNull();
+    expect((await db.getSettings()).comboStrategies).toEqual({
+      [mixedCombo.id]: { fallbackStrategy: "fusion" },
+    });
+    expect((await db.getCliToolConfig(cliUser.id, "codex")).config).toMatchObject({
+      codexModel: "",
+      codexThinking: "",
+    });
+    expect((await db.getCliToolConfig(cliUser.id, "cowork")).config).toMatchObject({
+      selectedModels: [`${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`],
+      coworkThinking: { [`${providerPrefix}/gpt-keep`]: "low" },
+    });
+
+    const history = await db.getUsageHistory({});
+    expect(history).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({ provider: providerId, model: modelId }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ provider: providerPrefix, model: `${modelId}(high)` }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ provider: providerId, model: "gpt-keep" }),
+    ]));
+    expect(history).toHaveLength(3);
+    const stats = await db.getUsageStats("all");
+    expect(stats.totalRequests).toBe(3);
+    expect(stats.byModel).toMatchObject({
+      [`${modelId} (${providerId})`]: expect.objectContaining({ requests: 1, promptTokens: 10, completionTokens: 5 }),
+      [`${modelId}(high) (${providerPrefix})`]: expect.objectContaining({ requests: 1, promptTokens: 20, completionTokens: 10 }),
+      [`gpt-keep (${providerId})`]: expect.objectContaining({ requests: 1 }),
+    });
+
+    expect(await db.getRequestDetailById("cascade-deleted-detail")).toBeNull();
+    expect(await db.getRequestDetailById("cascade-keep-detail")).toMatchObject({ id: "cascade-keep-detail" });
+
+    await db.saveRequestUsage({
+      timestamp: "2026-07-18T10:03:00.000Z",
+      provider: providerId,
+      model: modelId,
+      tokens: { prompt_tokens: 100, completion_tokens: 100 },
+    });
+    await db.saveRequestDetail({
+      id: "cascade-deleted-detail-after-tombstone",
+      provider: providerId,
+      model: modelId,
+      status: "ok",
+      request: {},
+      response: {},
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100));
+
+    const historyAfterTombstone = await db.getUsageHistory({});
+    expect(historyAfterTombstone).toHaveLength(4);
+    expect(historyAfterTombstone).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        provider: providerId,
+        model: modelId,
+        tokens: expect.objectContaining({ prompt_tokens: 100, completion_tokens: 100 }),
+      }),
+    ]));
+    const statsAfterTombstone = await db.getUsageStats("all");
+    expect(statsAfterTombstone.totalRequests).toBe(4);
+    expect(statsAfterTombstone.byModel[`${modelId} (${providerId})`]).toMatchObject({
+      requests: 2,
+      promptTokens: 110,
+      completionTokens: 105,
+    });
+    expect(await db.getRequestDetailById("cascade-deleted-detail-after-tombstone")).toBeNull();
+
+    const backup = await db.exportDb();
+    expect(backup.deletedModels).toMatchObject({ [providerId]: [modelId] });
+  });
+});